The fungus Massospora cicadina infects periodical cicadas when they emerge every 13 or 17 years.
Why Are Cicadas So Good At Math? Check out Joe's video over at It's Okay To Be Smart!
http://youtu.be/ivQaJwFRowcSubscribe!
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Angie Macias's “Flying Salt Shakers of Death” article, from the Cornell Mushroom Blog:
https://blog.mycology.cornell.edu/2013/02/19/flying-salt-shakers-of-death/Massosspora cicadina as a cicaca STD, from University of Maryland College Park Professor Michael Raupp:
http://bugoftheweek.com/blog/2013/6/17/std-in-cicada-land-imagicicadai-and-imassospora-cicadinai An excellent review of all thing periodical cicada, fungal details on page 279:
http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/resources/reprints/Williams%26Simon_1995.pdf For more on the fungus and its spores, see this study from Dr. Kimberly Smith’s lab (sorry, it’s behind a paywall)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002220110200040X, and this one (also behind a paywall) by JoAnn White and Monte Lloyd:
http://ee.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/4/1245 And here are some details about how these insects die:
http://cavern.uark.edu/~fstephen/new/Publications/articles/1993Williams.pdf
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Host, Animator, Editor
Anna Rothschild
Writer, DP, Sound
Rachel Becker
Many thanks to:
Dr. Chris Simon (
http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/simon_lab/simonlab.php )
Dr. Michael J. Raupp (
http://bugoftheweek.com/thebugguy/)
Dr. Kimberly G. Smith (
http://biology.uark.edu/1403.php)
Rag Tag Rag
Music Provided by APM
Images and Video
Cicada photographs and footage
Michael J. Raupp, Professor at University of Maryland College Park
via bugoftheweek.com/
Magicicada young
Wikimedia Commons/Arthur D. Guilani
SFX
Cockroaches
Freesound/StateAardvark
(used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10
Freesound/Corsica_S
A Magicicada chorus containing M. septendecim, M. cassini, and M. septendecula.
Wikimedia Commons/Audio S4 from Fontaine K, Cooley J, Simon C (2007). “Evidence for Paternal Leakage in Hybrid Periodical Cicadas (Hemiptera: Magicicada spp.)” PLoS ONE.
Produced by WGBH for PBS Digital Studios
About the Site 🌐
This site provides links to random videos hosted at YouTube, with the emphasis on random. 🎥
Origins of the Idea 🌱
The original idea for this site stemmed from the need to benchmark the popularity of a video against the general population of YouTube videos. 🧠
Challenges Faced 🤔
Obtaining a large sample of videos was crucial for accurate ranking, but YouTube lacks a direct method to gather random video IDs.
Even searching for random strings on YouTube doesn't yield truly random results, complicating the process further. 🔍
Creating Truly Random Links 🛠️
The YouTube API offers additional functions enabling the discovery of more random videos. Through inventive techniques and a touch of space-time manipulation, we've achieved a process yielding nearly 100% random links to YouTube videos.
About YouTube 📺
YouTube, an American video-sharing website based in San Bruno, California, offers a diverse range of user-generated and corporate media content. 🌟
Content and Users 🎵
Users can upload, view, rate, share, and comment on videos, with content spanning video clips, music videos, live streams, and more.
While most content is uploaded by individuals, media corporations like CBS and the BBC also contribute. Unregistered users can watch videos, while registered users enjoy additional privileges such as uploading unlimited videos and adding comments.
Monetization and Impact 🤑
YouTube and creators earn revenue through Google AdSense, with most videos free to view. Premium channels and subscription services like YouTube Music and YouTube Premium offer ad-free streaming.
As of February 2017, over 400 hours of content were uploaded to YouTube every minute, with the site ranking as the second-most popular globally. By May 2019, this figure exceeded 500 hours per minute. 📈
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