Q.3 What are different types of Reversible Electrodes?
Ans.
The reversible cells are having electrodes are known as reversible electrodes. The reversible electrodes are of following types:
1. Metal - Metal ion Electrode: These electrodes are constructed by dipping any metal plate in its salt solution. It is the simplest type of electrode. In general, it is represented as { M }/{ { M }^{ +n } }. When this electrode is in LHE i.e. oxidation takes place, the reaction is M longrightarrow { M }^{ +n } + n{ e }^{ - }qquad qquad (Oxidation) e.g. Zn|{ Zn }^{ +2 }(aq)qquad qquad Zn longrightarrow { Zn }^{ +2 } + 2{ e }^{ - } Cu|Cu^{ +2 }(aq)qquad qquad Cu longrightarrow { Cu }^{ +2 } + 2{ e }^{ - } Al|Al^{ +3 }(aq)qquad qquad Al longrightarrow { Al }^{ +3 } + 3{ e }^{ - } Sn|Sn^{ +2 }(aq)qquad qquad Sn longrightarrow { Sn }^{ +2 } + 2{ e }^{ - } In this case the value of electrode potential depends on activity of metal ions.
2. Metal Sparingly Soluble Salt Electrode: In this case the metal and its sparingly soluble salt is in contact with the electrolyte which contains same anion. e.g. Ag, AgCl(s) C{ l }^{ - }qquad qquad Ag + C{ l }^{ - } longrightarrow AgCl(s) + { e }^{ - } Hg, Hg2Cl2(s) C{ l }^{ - }qquad qquad Hg + C{ l }^{ - } longrightarrow 1/2Hg2Cl2(s) + { e }^{ - } The potential value of this electrode also depends on the activity of ions (C{ l }^{ - }).
3. Gas electrode: There are several types of glass electrodes like Hydrogen Gas electrode, Chlorine Gas electrode Oxygen Gas electrode etc. In case of Hydrogen Gas electrode, H2 gas is bubbled through H+ ion solution e.g. HCl and for electrical contact we insert Platinum (Pt) wire which is the inert metal in electrochemistry. Hydrogen gas electrode on paper is written as Pt, H2|H+(aq) for oxidation, the reaction is 1/2 H2 rightleftarrows H+ +e- The potential of this electrode depends on the pressure of hydrogen gas and the activity of H+ ions.
4. Metal-Insoluble Oxide of Metal electrode: The electrode is obtained when metal and its insoluble oxide is in contact with OH- ions. e.g. Fe, FeO(s)|OH- (aq)qquad qquad Fe + 2OH- rightleftarrows FeO (s) + H2O + 2e- Sb, Sb2O3(s)|OH- (aq)qquad qquad 2Sb + 3OH- rightleftarrows 1/2Sb2O3 + 3/2H2O + 3e- Pt, Mn2O3(s), MnO2|OH- (aq)qquad qquad Mn2O3 + 2OH- rightleftarrows 2MnO2 (s) + H2O + 2e-
5. Redox electrode: When two different oxidation state of same element are present in the same solution and if we insert a Pt wire for electrical contact redox electrode s formed. and potential developed across the Pt wire is known as Redox electrode potential. e.g. Pt, Fe+2, Fe+3qquad qquad Fe+2 rightleftarrows Fe+3 + e- Pt, Sn+2, Sn+4qquad qquad Sn+2 rightleftarrows Sn+4 + 2e- In this case the electrode potential depends on the ratio of the activity of ions in the oxidation and reduction state of metal.
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